NAS is backed up to Nut Cloud. The free version only has 1G per month and only picks four things.

I think my backup matrix is ​​pretty neat.: I have the original copy of Feiniu NAS at home. My mom’s old Synology TV automatically pulls the remote location every morning , there is also a cold storage tray lying in the drawer. I had my quarterly physical examination last month, and something suddenly came to my mind when I was checking my accounts.: My mother's house and mine are in the same city, six subway stops apart. Fire, water intrusion, theft, this kind of disaster on the whole house level really comes, and the two machines will not be able to save their lives. Strictly speaking, I discounted the "1 off-site" in 3-2-1.

After much deliberation, the cheapest way to make up for it is to pick up the Nut Cloud account that has been gathering dust for many years and add a layer of cloud insurance to the most important data. The free version only has 1G of upload traffic per month, which sounds shabby, but it’s just right when used in the right place. This article records all the matching process and pitfalls, both for Synology and Feiniu.

Calculate the traffic account first: 1G forces you to do subtraction, which is actually a good thing

There is only one rule for the free version of Nut Cloud: Uploading 1G and downloading 3G every month, using third-party interfaces such as WebDAV and rclone, are all using the same pot. This number directly determines one thing - it cannot hold any "library".

My family photo library is 186G, 46,000 photos, Automatic backup of mobile phone photos caliber. According to the monthly transfer of 1G, it will take 186 months to transfer. In the early fifteen years, the children will go to college after the transfer. So don’t be fooled by nut clouds in videos and photos, they will follow the same old path.: Cold spare disk Add Synology to my mom’s house, that’s what it should be.

The 1G credit limit forces you to think through one thing.: Which data would really make me unable to sleep if I lost it? I went through the things at home and picked out four things - work documents and writing manuscripts, scanned copies of certificates, contracts and insurance policies, Keepass password database, and a family data file (broadband account number, screenshots of the optical modem WAN connection table, various policy numbers). The four items add up to a total of 640MB. More than 60% of the monthly quota is spent, leaving a lot of surplus.

This subtraction process is more valuable than synchronization itself. Many people do not do a good job of backup not because they lack tools, but because they have never forced themselves to answer the question "What exactly is so important to lose?" Taking advantage of the 1G hurdle, this question can be answered.

The first pit: I tried to connect with my login password, but it was stuck for half an hour.

With WebDAV, the first reaction is definitely to fill in the account and password directly. I filled in my registered email address and login password in the client, and tried three times. All three times, the authentication failed. I almost suspected that this feature was exclusive to the paid version. I went through the help documentation and found out: Third-party clients do not allow the use of login passwords at all, and must specifically generate an "application password".

This is the way: Log in to the Nut Cloud web version, click the account name in the upper right corner to enter "Account Information", select "Security Options" on the left, scroll to the third-party application management section, click "Add Application Password", give a name, generate a string of passwords. Return to the client and refill it: The account number is the registered email address, and the password is the application password, which is easy to use.

Later I thought this design was right. The synchronization scripts and NAS configurations store clear text passwords, which are really leaked. Just go to the web page and revoke the application password, and it will be over. The main account will be unscathed. It's much better than posting your login password everywhere.

Cousin's Qunhui will be matched first: Cloud Sync is done in five minutes

First, I took my cousin’s second-hand four-bay Synology to practice. The machine still had the old firmware of DSM6, and it still had Cloud Sync. After installing the Package Center, open it and click Add. A long list of cloud service providers will be scrolled to the bottom. There is WebDAV, and that’s it.

Fill in three things: Server address https://dav.jianguoyun.com/dav/ , account registration email, password application password. Next, select the local folder and remote folder, and then select the synchronization direction.

I chose "Upload Only" for him. Two-way synchronization sounds wonderful, but when someone in the cloud deletes something with a shake of his hand, the deletion action reverses and the infection is transmitted back to the local computer.—— Synology Drive synchronization disk article I once wrote that "accidental deletion will cause contagion", which is a truth. Backup should be one-way stupid, not smart two-way.

Remember to add exclusions in the advanced settings and put * .mp4、 * Big guys like .iso are blocked outside, so that one day a video will be mixed into the directory, and the monthly traffic will be eaten up in one go and no one knows where it will go.

My Feiniu doesn’t have this kit.: The two-line command of rclone

When it comes to my own N100 Feiniu, there is no graphical cloud synchronization suite like Cloud Sync. Feiniu's WebDAV is used as a server to allow others to connect to it. I connected my mobile phone to the NAS to transfer files Just rely on it. To push files to the cloud, the right way is rclone.

SSH in, apt install rclone , same as before Install fdupes to clear duplicate photos One way, the version in the warehouse is older, so it won’t delay things. then rclone config Interact all the way: n Create a new one, start the name with jianguo, enter webdav as the type, fill in the above address as the url, choose other as the vendor, fill in the email as the user, fill in the application password as the pass, and press Enter at the end of the rest.

The only ones who really do the work:

rclone copy /vol1/1000/重要文件 jianguo:NAS备份 --max-size 100M --trans 4

Two parameters are important. --max-size 100M It is a barrier. Files over 100MB are skipped directly to prevent large files from stealing traffic. ； --trans 4 Four concurrent operations are faster and more stable. There are also things to pay attention to when using copy without sync.: Copy only adds new and modified items, and does not move any extra items in the cloud. ； sync is a mirror, it will delete it for you if it is not available in the cloud. Backing up this scene, I always choose the silly one.

The first transfer was 640 MB, and the uplink to my home was 50 MB. The actual average speed was four to five MB per second, and the transfer was completed in just over three minutes, which was better than expected. Then write it into crontab and run it every day at ten past four in the morning. Stagger the time with other backup tasks at home. Don't squeeze each other into competing for disks in the same minute. When I looked at the logs the next day, I saw that the increment was only two or three MB, just a few modified documents.

Three real pitfalls: Current limiting, timeout, whole file retransmission

Pitfall 1: Don’t set the synchronization frequency too densely. At first, I wanted to set it to once an hour for peace of mind. Later, I checked the information and found that the WebDAV interface of Nut Cloud has a frequency limit. If the request is too dense, it will be limited and an error will be reported. The people who use Siyuan Notes complained about this for a long time. Once a day is completely sufficient for document data, and it is really not so expensive to calculate it by the hour.

Pitfall 2: Using WebDAV for large files is prone to timeout. The network trembled, half of the transmission was interrupted, and the transmission was in vain. This is the meaning of the existence of the --max-size gate, and it is also the boundary of Nut Cloud - it is essentially a synchronization disk, not a warehouse disk, and large files should not take this path by nature.

Pitfall three, there is no such thing as increment in WebDAV. Nut Cloud’s own client has block-level increments. If you change a paragraph, only that paragraph will be transmitted. However, this benefit does not extend to the WebDAV interface.: Change one word and retransmit the entire file. Therefore, the most cost-effective file format is "small and not often enlarged" - the password library is tens of KB, and it is not burdensome to change it eight times a day. ； A 500MB compressed package is enough. If you re-transmit 500MB, the monthly quota will be burned up twice. I keep all the things to be synchronized in the form of bulk files and do not package them.

Take your seat: Who is worthy of matching? You must practice after matching.

After completing the configuration, there is one step that you must not skip.: drill. Failure to practice disaster preparedness means failure to do so. On the third day after I completed the configuration, I installed the Nut Cloud App on my phone and logged in. All four directories were there. I pulled out a PDF and clicked to download it. After downloading it in ten seconds, this layer of insurance was really effective. If it really needs to be restored one day, the download traffic will be 3G a month, and all my 640MB of wealth will be recovered, which is only one-fifth of the quota, which is enough.

The complete matrix is ​​now: At home, the Feiniu dual disk is used as the original, the cold spare disk is used as the local secondary medium, my mother's Synology is used for the remote part, and Nut Cloud is used for the cloud part. 3-2-1 has been exceeded, and the annual cost is zero yuan. Want to say Back up this The biggest enemy is never technology, but "feeling that it's not my turn".

Give a complete sequence at the end: First, pick out the lost files and put them into a directory, and then go to Nut Cloud to generate the application password. Synology uses Cloud Sync, and Feiniu uses rclone to configure WebDAV. Select the direction to upload only, add a --max-size gate, and run at staggered peak times every day. After configuration, download a file on your phone and check it again. The whole process took only half an hour of slow work and was a hundred times cheaper than having to restore the company's opening if something was really lost one day - that price, I asked for my cousin .